Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine

Tissue Engineering and 3d Cell Culture

In tissue engineering applications or even in 3D  cells, the biological expression that interacts between cells and scaffolding is governed by material and scaffold features. In order to achieve cell adhesion, proliferation, and utilization, scaffolding materials must have requirements such as internal biocompatibility compatibility and appropriate chemistry to attract cell recognition to cells. The materials used, the scaffold machine structures and degradation kinetics must be aligned with a specific tissue engineering program to ensure the functionality of the required equipment and to achieve the level of new tissue formation. In scaffolds, the distribution of pores, surface exposure, and porosity play a major role,  its quantity and distribution affect the penetration and rate of cell penetration into the scaffold volume, the formation of a matrix outside the cell that is produced, and tissue engineering applications, final operation of the recovery process. Depending on the manufacturing process, scaffolds with different properties can be obtained, through the distribution of random or prepared pores. In recent years, computerized computer-assisted prototyping techniques have been developed in the design of scaffolds with ordered geometry. This chapter reviews the basic polymeric materials used for scaffolding and scaffolding processes with examples of selected structures and applications.